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Shannon's Law


-Claude Shannon 1948
"The fundamental problem of communication is that of reproducing at one point either exactly or approximately a message selected at another point."

  • The mathematical theory of communication
  • Relates channel information carrying capacity as a function of signal-to-noise across the usable bandwidth

What was clear in 1948 is clear today:

Networks are Dynamic

  • Activity, collisions, retransmissions, token passing, Bits/sec.

Thus cabling system performance should be thought of in DYNAMIC terms.

  • Shannon's Law

Cabling system design and specification is currently STATIC.

  • Static electrical parameters are used as guidelines, (NEXT, ELFEXT, ACR, etc.)
  • Improved static parameters do not guarantee improved dynamic performance

System: Backbone & Horizontal

It is the electronics, and the application protocol that make the channel dynamic

Shannon's Law

Not Clear:
reduced dynamic capacity

NetClear:
clear, maximum dynamic capacity!

 

C = Channel Capacity (information carrying capability)

  • Allowable frequencies which can be used without saturation: The 'Physical Limit'
  • To maximize C we designed the complete channel to maximize the bandwidth and S/N ratio.

Channels operating at reduced capacity, due to cabling inadequacies, are called Not Clear!
NetClear Channels allow operation at maximum capacity

 

W = Bandwidth

  • In Gigabits per second (Gb/s)
  • Measured in: MegaHertz, MHz

 

S = Signal Received (desired information)

  • Cabling and connectivity affects the transmitted signal, the key is to minimize the effects
  • The better the cabling system, the better the signal received

 

N = Noise (unwanted signal, reducer of signal)

  • Noise component, N, is a summation of all noise sources
  • Some sources can be controlled, and some cannot be controlled
  • Noise sources we can control:
    • CrossTalk
    • Balance
    • Return Loss
    • Attenuation
    • Impedance Match
  • Noise that cannot be controlled: alien/environmental, improper grounding, overfill in conduit, poor installation

 

S/N = Signal-to-Noise Ratio

  • Allows for maximized dynamic performance of the channel as a transmitter/receiver of digital data
  • S/N ratio is directly related to bit-errors
    • A higher S/N ratio yields lower bit-errors
    • Lower bit errors allow for higher capacity/throughput of the dynamic network

 

 

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